Co-Packaged Optics (CPO) technology, as a key technology in the field of optical interconnects, improves transmission bandwidth and reduces energy consumption by shortening electrical transmission distances, effectively addressing the network "bottleneck" issues caused by existing. Co-Packaged Optics (CPO) technology, as a key technology in the field of optical interconnects, improves transmission bandwidth and reduces energy consumption by shortening electrical transmission distances, effectively addressing the network "bottleneck" issues caused by existing. Since the release of ChatGPT and DeepSeek-R1, large-scale AI models have developed rapidly. However, the exponential growth in the volume of data and parameter scales used in their training processes has imposed higher requirements on computational power and computing resource utilization rate. Co-packaged optics (CPO) will play a fundamental role in improving the performance, efficiency, and capabilities of networks, especially the scale-up fabrics for AI systems. Realizing these benefits will also require a fundamental transformation in the way computing and switching assets are. One part of the solution is co-packaged optics (CPO), which involves incorporating optical technology more deeply into data center network switches. By leveraging advanced packaging technologies such as 2. 5D or 3D integration, CPO reduces electrical path lengths. NVIDIA's networking innovations, including Spectrum-X Ethernet and NVIDIA Quantum InfiniBand, are designed to handle the high-bandwidth and low-latency demands of modern AI training and inferencing at scale.