An optical module typically consists of an optical transmitter (TOSA, Transmitter Optical Sub-Assembly, containing a laser diode), an optical receiver (ROSA, Receiver Optical Sub-Assembly, containing a photodetector), functional circuits, and optical. An optical module typically consists of an optical transmitter (TOSA, Transmitter Optical Sub-Assembly, containing a laser diode), an optical receiver (ROSA, Receiver Optical Sub-Assembly, containing a photodetector), functional circuits, and optical. In subsection on optical receivers, after the photodetection principle, the p-i-n photodiode, avalanche photodiode (APD), and metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors are briefly described. In the same subsection, both optical receiver high-impedance front end and transimpedance front end are. An optical module is a typically hot-pluggable optical transceiver used in high-bandwidth data communications applications. An optical module works at the physical layer of the OSI model and is one of the core components in the fiber communication. The optical module serves as a crucial component in optical fiber communication systems, operating at the physical layer, which is the lowest layer in the OSI model. Its primary function is to achieve optoelectronic conversion by converting electrical signals into optical signals and vice versa. Optical modules are the key building blocks for all network connectivity both inside and outside the data center.