Lasers, modulators, and photodiodes form the core architecture of optical transceivers, enabling light-speed communication across global networks. Lasers generate the optical carrier. Modulator — encodes data onto the light. It takes data from an electronic system, uses a laser or LED to modulate that data into pulses of light, and then sends those pulses down the fiber. The. The fundamental structure of such a system involves key components like optical transmitters, amplifiers, and receivers. An optical communication system generally consists of three main parts: Optical Transmitter: Converts electrical signals into optical signals for transmission.